The Eurasia Proceedings of Health, Environment and Life Sciences

Investigation of Metabolites Isolated from Sphingomonas egypticus DM, A Rhizosphere of Datura metel

2024-01-04T00:07:43+03:00

Using naturally occurring bioactive compounds has been crucial in progressing contemporary medical practices. The rhizosphere, which refers to the narrow region of soil surrounding plant roots, serves as a highly dynamic environment for soil bacteria owing to the substantial quantity of organic compounds released into the soil by plant roots. This paper outlines the fermentation and subsequent processing of rhizosphere Sphingomonas egypticus DM. The culture media of Sphingomonas was cultivated and subsequently subjected to propagation. The ethyl acetate extract was then obtained and subjected to fractionation and purification utilizing various chromatographic techniques. This process led to the isolation of a compound under investigation that exhibited a distinct spot on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates, with a calculated retention factor (R_f = 0.56) using a mobile phase composed of methylene chloride and methanol (9:1). Upon spraying with anisaldehyde/sulphuric reagent and subsequent heating for a brief period, the compound displayed a violet colour. This compound was investigated in vitro to assess its antimicrobial and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) capabilities. The results demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect against phytopathogenic fungi, specifically Rhizoctonia solani (21.3 mm) and Alternaria alternate (18.3 mm). Additionally, a moderate inhibitory effect was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.7 mm), whereas a somewhat less inhibitory effect was shown against Streptococcus mutans (9.3 mm). The study also demonstrated that (MIC) against Fusarium oxysporum was seen at a concentration of 125 µg/mL compared to various conventional antibiotics. Finally, the strain underwent PCR screening to detect PKS and lipopeptide 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase sfp genes. The PCR amplification assay demonstrated the presence of genes encoding the KS domain and Surfactin. Furthermore, the sequences of Sphingomonas egypticus DM have been officially recorded in the NCBI GenBank database and can be accessed using the accession codes OR469907 and OR499756.

Determination of Some miRNA Expression Levels in Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia Patients

2024-01-04T00:11:41+03:00

Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer that occurs as a result of the accumulation of morphologically small, mature-looking lymphocytes. CLL is the most common type of leukemia in Western countries, where it accounts for 30% of all leukemias. Accounts for only 10% of all leukemias in Asian populations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-protein-coding single-stranded RNA molecules approximately 18-25 nucleotides long, forming a class of endogenous small RNAs. Research has shown that microRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in CLL. Although the expression levels of microRNA 133a and microRNA 452 have been determined in many cancers, including lung, prostate and colon cancer, expression levels in CLL patients have not been determined. Therefore, in our study, the expression levels of miRNA 133a and miRNA 452 in CLL patients will be calculated quantitatively using the Real-Time PCR method. As for the method steps, in the first stage, whole blood samples will be taken. miRNA will be isolated from the whole blood samples taken, cDNA will be synthesized from the miRNA samples, and finally, expression levels will be determined with the Real-Time PCR method using miRNA 133a, miRNA452 specific primers and U6 primer as the reference gene. The data obtained will be analyzed and interpreted with the SPSS package program. This study will be conducted to determine whether these two miRNAs can guide early diagnosis and diagnosis in CLL patients and to provide preliminary information to clinicians and contribute to the literature on this subject.

Prevalence of HCC among Living Donor Liver Transplant Recipients and Effect on Outcome Georgian Experience

2024-01-04T00:16:34+03:00

: Liver transplantation (LT) may be the best curative treatment that offers a chance of cure for the tumor and the underlying cirrhosis by complete extirpation of both. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a formidable global health challenge, representing one of the most prevalent primary liver malignancies with increasing incidence rates worldwide. It sets the stage for a comprehensive exploration of how LDLT has redefined the paradigms of treatment for HCC and contributed to enhanced patient outcomes. To answer the question of this paper we used cross sectional study design among 84 Living Donor Liver Transplant Recipients. After collecting data analyzing patient’s medical cards we have found that out of 84 recipients 12 (11%) had a Hepatocellular Carcinoma, out of this 8 (6.7%) recipients dead and 4 (3.3%) is alive. We may have challenges such as: Diagnostic Challenges, Treatment Options, and Selection Criteria for LDLT in HCC. The relationship between HCC and LDLT is a dynamic and evolving field. LDLT has significantly expanded the therapeutic options for selected HCC patients, offering hope for improved outcomes. However, the intricate interplay between patient selection, surgical techniques, and post-transplant care underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to HCC management. Ongoing research and advances in both HCC treatment and LDLT continue to shape the landscape of this complex disease and transplantation strategy.

The Effect of Nitrate Supplementation on Sportive Performance

2024-01-04T00:18:46+03:00

Beetroot juice is typically used as a source of dietary nitrate supplementation, which has been hailed as a potential new ergogenic aid for athletic and exercise performance. A 0.6% performance boost is now deemed adequate to make a difference due to the rise in competitive equality in top-level sport especially. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of nitrate supplementation on sports performance and to reveal the mechanisms of action. For that, information from the publications evaluated throughout the scope of SCI, SCI-Expanded, and ESCI were collected by scanning the literature in the SportDiscus, EMBASE, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases over a 10-year period. According to literature, it has been stated that nitrate supplementation provides vasodilation, triggers mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose uptake, and calcium transport from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Nitrate supplementation has been demonstrated to have physiological effects that may be advantageous for improving exercise performance, at least in recreationally active or sub-elite athletes.

Investigation of Potential Effects of Aronia Melonacarpa Supplementation on Sportive Performance

2024-01-04T00:20:58+03:00

Nowadays, people's interest in more natural resources and aromatic plants has started to increase in terms of natural and healthy nutrition. Recently, the demand for medicinal plants rich in polyphenols with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties has increased. Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) has recently become one of the most preferred fruits due to its high antioxidant activity and rich polyphenol content. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of Aronia supplementation on athletes and its mechanisms of action from a specific point of view. For this purpose, a literature review was conducted and information was compiled with current studies by searching through aronia supplementation and sportive performance. It is seen that Aronia melanocarpan is used in many aspects. It has been evaluated in the treatment of many diseases, including colds and stomach diseases, as well as intestines, gall bladder and liver. Since it increases the level of good cholesterol, it has also been used to combat heart disease and cardiovascular problems. As a result of the literature researches, it can be said that aronia melanocarpan is used for therapeutic purposes in many diseases, but the studies in terms of sportive performance are limited. More studies are needed to reveal the effects of this supplement on sportive performance.

Assessment of Occupational Risks Associated with Chemical Reagents in the Hemobiology Laboratory of an Eastern Algerian University Hospital Center

2024-01-04T00:25:22+03:00

The variety and diversity of chemicals handled in hospital laboratories make it imperative to conduct periodic risk assessments for enhanced protection of medical personnel and the implementation of an appropriate prevention policy. It is within this context that our study was conducted in the hemobiology laboratories of an eastern Algerian university hospital center. We employed a semi-quantitative assessment method tailored to the specificities of hospitals. An inventory of chemical agents was conducted using data collection sheets detailing the product names, quantities, and frequencies of use. Relying on information from the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) and associated pictograms.We characterized the hazards posed by these chemicals and prioritized their associated risks. The hemobiology laboratory staff use 49 chemical reagents, with 28% of them considered hazardous, demanding appropriate safety precautions. The study highlighted the significance of systemic and local cutaneous effects, such as sensitivity (94.6%). Ocular risk, with severe injuries, was caused by 33.3% of the reagents. Seventeen reagents could lead to respiratory systemic effects. Ten reagents posed a carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reprotoxic (CMR) risk, such as Chloroform, Formaldehyde, ADVIA Perox 1, ADVIA Perox 2, ADVIA Perox 3. This evaluation has highlighted the multiple health risks faced by the personnel in the hemobiology laboratory. It is imperative to establish a comprehensive strategy for managing occupational risks to ensure the long-term protection of the workers.

Selective Screening for Inborn Errors of Metabolism Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Newborns of the West Kazakhstan: Pilot Study

2024-01-04T00:28:39+03:00

Tandem mass spectrometry can detect and quantify many metabolites in a single blood spot to diagnose amino acid disorders, organic acids, fatty acid oxidation, and urea cycle disorders. The use of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is expanding for the implementation of newborn screening programs for inborn errors of metabolism and for selective screening of children of different ages. In Kazakhstan, the use of MS/MS in metabolic screening programs is not yet developed due to the high cost of equipment and consumables and the lack of special screening centers and specialists. Data on the prevalence of most inborn errors of metabolism in Kazakhstan are not presented in the literature. Aim: to perform selective screening for hereditary metabolic diseases among newborns in western Kazakhstan using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Methods: Selective screening was performed among 250 newborns with suspected hereditary metabolic disorders using tandem mass spectrometry. Results: The results of selective newborn screening were interpreted by comparison with reference values established for this group. Diagnosis was based on clinical signs, blood levels of amino acids, acylcarnitines, succinylacetone, urine organic acids, and gene mutation tests. An assessment of 37 inborn errors of metabolism frequencies in high-risk newborns was performed. Conclusion: The research will further develop the national as selective as expanded newborn screening programs.

Study of the Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Klebsiella Pneumonia in Patients Infected with Covid- 19

2024-01-04T00:32:57+03:00

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health challenge. AMR is the ability of a microorganism to resist antimicrobial attack, which in turn prevents successful treatment of an infection. Massive antibiotic therapy has led to an increase in the antibiotic resistance of pathogens of infectious diseases. The problem of antibiotic resistance is especially acute in the treatment of nosocomial infections. Nosocomial infections also called “hospital-acquired infections”, are infections acquired during hospital care which are not present or incubating at admission. Infections occurring more than 48 hours after admission are usually considered nosocomial. The main reason for the prolonged hospitalization of patients infected with COVID-19 is to internal infections of the hospital and complications caused by their influence. it was important to determine the bacterial spectrum of etiological agents of nosocomial infections in patients infected with COVID-19 and the profile of antibiotic resistance. The research materials were collected at the different hospital resuscitations from patients undergoing treatment for a long time and who were resistant to antibiotics. As the resalts showed the highest resistance to amp/sulbactam, Aztreonam, ampicillin, meropenem, moxifloxacin, cefepime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin Levofloxacin, amox/clavulanate, norfloxacin, pip/tazobactam, ceftriaxone was detected in 100 %, resistance to cefoxitin, trim/sulfa and amikacin in 90%, resistance to tobramycin in 80%, and the relatively low resistance was detected to gentamycin in 20 %.

ECG Tools for Cancer Screening

2024-01-04T00:36:07+03:00

Various cancers can be screened quickly by detection of visible and invisible abnormal findings appearing at ECGs. Data were statistically processed using variation and regression analyses. Evaluation of statistical reliability for the groups studied was made according to the p-value for the meaning of chi-square, and differences were considered significant at р<0.05. In the group was included 31 individuals without cancer and 67 persons with different types of cancer. p- wave may be use with an insignificantly degree of probability as a predictor of cancer for women. QRS complex may be used as an additional indicator of cancer for men. Dividing the groups by sex showed the presence of statistically significant difference between the mathematical expectations for the groups. The results showed that obtained logistic regression model possessed good abilities for cancer prediction among men, based on the ECG.

Impact of the PK/PD Approach in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Gentamicin

2024-01-04T00:39:40+03:00

Gentamicin, a commonly used hospital aminoglycoside, exhibits a narrow therapeutic index, necessitating careful administration to prevent serious adverse effects. Our study aimed to assess the impact of Therapeutic drug Monitoring (TDM) by integrating Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) to customize dosage based on bacterial sensitivity. This was prospective study, conducted on a sample of 35 adult patients hospitalized in three university hospital centers in Eastern Algeria. Included patients underwent Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) of gentamicin based on the determination of Maximum concentration (Cmax), considering the determination of the MIC and achieving a Cmax/CMI ratio ≥ 8 to 10. Pharmaceutical interventions were suggested to clinicians to improve patient care. The mean age of our patients was 51.66 ± 16.72 years. All patients had Cmax values below the therapeutic range. Pathogenic microorganisms were identified in 64% of cases, and only two patients achieved the Cmax/CMI target of 8 to 10 prior to our interventions. In 41% of cases, clinicians heeded our guidance on regular therapeutic monitoring and dose adjustments. The therapeutic target was achieved in 66.6% of cases, with a Cmax/CMI target attainment rate of 44.4%.The use of individualized initial doses of gentamicin, combined with Therapeutic Drug Monitoring based on PK/PD parameters, enhances the chances of therapeutic success and restricts the emergence of bacterial resistance.

Stability of Amino Acids in Stored Dried Blood Spots: Retrospective Analysis

2024-01-04T00:46:57+03:00

Residual newborn screening dried blood spots (DBS) are a valuable resource for research in the retrospective diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism and biomarker analysis. Many metabolites are subject to degradation depending on time and storage conditions, such as temperature and humidity. We studied the stability of 15 amino acids (AAs) in dried blood spots stored in a refrigerator after newborn screening. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the levels of 15 AAs in 248 residual DBS from the Kazakhstan neonatal screening program using tandem mass spectrometry. DBS were stored at 4°C and 55-70% humidity and randomly selected during 2019-2022. Amino acid stability was assessed using linear regression and estimating the decrease in concentration of each metabolite during each year. Results: Retrospective analysis of dried blood spot samples stored for one to four years showed that the decrease in concentrations of 15 AA occurred in order from most stable to least stable: valine, proline, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, alanine, arginine, hydroxyproline, methionine, citrulline, glutamate, ornithine, glycine, and glutamine. Alanine, arginine, hydroxyproline, glycine, and glutamate decayed in line with linear regression. Conclusion: Storing dried blood spots at 4°C and 55-70% humidity is not optimal for amino acid stability. Data obtained from measuring amino acid levels in dried blood spots stored over time should be corrected to reduce the incidence of negative and false positive results.

The Urgency of Anti-Sexual Violence Education for Higher Education Students

2024-01-04T00:52:57+03:00

Sexual violence constitutes a crime against humanity in numerous nations, including Indonesia. Numerous incidents of sexual violence have occurred in the realm of education, particularly in higher education, which should be a safe environment for students to study. The purpose of this study is to delve deeper into the urgency of anti-sexual violence education in higher education. The method employed in this study was a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The results of this study showed that anti-sexual violence education in higher education is very important because there are many cases of sexual violence in Indonesia which involve various components in higher education. The forms of anti-sexual violence education efforts can be carried out by developing anti-sexual violence learning models in higher education and through various programs that encourage the active involvement of students in efforts to support anti-sexual violence. The researchers of this study concluded that education on anti-sexual violence for students in higher education is highly important and can be implemented in a variety of ways to strengthen students' knowledge and involvement in dealing with various cases of sexual violence.

Nutritional Status, Iron Status (Hb) and Attitude to Reproductive Health as Components of Adolescent Reproductive Readiness

2024-01-04T00:58:07+03:00

The fertility rate for adolescents aged 15-19 years in Indonesia reaches 10%. Approximately 1.4 million (30%) young women aged 15-19 years have sexual intercourse, which results in pregnancy and around 57% of these pregnancies are unwanted. The tendency to get married and get pregnant at a young age, whether planned or not, results in reproductive readiness, both mental and physical, which is very important for young women. Their nutritional status measures adolescents' physical readiness—meanwhile, reproductive knowledge and perceptions of reproductive health measure adolescents' mental readiness for reproduction. The study aimed to identify risk factors for nutritional status, iron status and reproductive health attitudes. This type of research is analytic observational with a cross-sectional design. The population of this study was all adolescents in Ogan Komering Ilir District. The sampling technique used was cluster sampling. The research sample was 139 young girls at SMA N 1 Kayuagung, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, South Sumatra. Data is presented in univariate and bivariate. The statistical test was chi-square with the Fisher's exact/Kolmogorov Smirnov alternative test. The results showed that around 52.5% of female adolescents were underweight, 15.6% had anaemia, and 6.5% had poor reproductive health attitudes. Based on bivariate analysis, risk factors related to adolescent iron status were eating habits (p-value = 0.039), risk factors related to adolescent attitudes were class level (p-value = 0.0005), father's education level (p-value = 0.017), puberty age (p-value = 0.008) and level of knowledge (p-value = 0.003). Education is needed to increase reproductive health knowledge and improve adolescent eating habits intensively with exciting and not dull material such as role-playing or group discussions.

Analysis of Sexual Health Education in the Film “Dua Garis Biru” and its Urgency on Moral Internalization for Adolescents

2024-01-04T01:04:10+03:00

Teenagers now experience a flood of information that continues to overflow every day. In the hands of teenagers, sex information is now easy to get. Even for those who don't intend to look for it, sometimes sex information circulates on their search engine homepage. It is so easy to find sex information, exposing teenagers to negative perceptions about sex. This is because most of the circulating sex information leads to pornography. This research raises one of the themed films of sex education, entitled "Dua Garis Biru" which was made to ward off misinterpretation of sex. This is considered by some as a bright spot to make people aware of the importance of sex education to build morale for their children. This study aims to identify sex education in the film "Dua Garis Biru". In addition, the depicted adolescent personalities were analyzed using the basis of their psychosocial and psychosexual theories. After that, identify how the process of moral internalization in adolescents by basing it on their cognitive development model. All of these theories will explain how sex is related to culture, and then affect moral development. This research is qualitative research using observation and documentation techniques in data collection. It used content, semiotic, and framing analysis which used sexual health, and social approaches. The results obtained from this study show that there are values of sex education related to moral internalization in the film "Dua Garis Biru". The value of sex education is contained in several messages such as the meaning of virginity, the danger of abortion, the reality of pregnancy in adolescents, and the negative effects of early marriage.

The Effect of L-Carnitine Supplementation on Sportive Performance

2024-01-04T01:05:43+03:00

L-carnitine is a derivative of two essential amino acids synthesized in the liver and kidneys that our body needs for energy. In the bioenergetics of skeletal muscle, carnitine plays crucial roles. A severe reduction in muscular activity is associated with skeletal muscle carnitine insufficiency. Since L-carnitine supplement is known as a fat burner, its use among athletes has become more common in recent years. This review's objective is to assess the potential mechanistic effects of L-carnitine supplementation on athletic performance. In this context, the literature in the SportDiscus, EMBASE, PubMed and Google Scholar databases was scanned during a 15-year period to gather the data from the publications screened within the scope of SCI, SCI-Expanded, and ESCI. Consequently, it may be argued that taking carnitine supplementation improves athletic performance through a number of processes; including the maintenance of glycogen.

Acute Effects of Myofascıal Release Exercıse Periods on Circulatory Parameters in Young Archers

2024-01-04T01:07:31+03:00

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of different myofascial release exercise durations on heart rate, saturation and blood pressure values in young archers. For this purpose, a total of 12 young athletes aged 16-18 years were included in the study. Myofascial release exercises using foam rollers were applied to the participants on different days. The inclusion criteria were determined as being healthy, not having a chronic disease, not having any medication used continuously and being interested in active archery sport. Control (T1), experimental (T2), and experimental (T3) foam rollers for 30 seconds and 60 seconds, respectively, were applied to the young archers on different days and heart rate, SpO2 levels and blood pressure values were measured after the applications. SPSS 22.0 programme was used to analyse the data obtained. One-way analysis of variance and LSD tests for repeated measures were performed to determine the difference between the groups of the application results. As a result of the analysis, no statistical significance was found in the saturation values, diastolic and systolic blood pressure values of the groups (p>0.05). There was statistical significance between T1 and T3 groups in the heart rate in favour of T3 (p<0.05). Myofascial release exercises affected the heart rate in terms of the parameters evaluated in long-term applications. It can be said that this change is a result of the energy and effort expended.

Age-Specific Reference Values for Amino Acid Content in Dried Blood Spots in Children in Western Kazakhstan, Measured by Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2024-01-04T01:10:47+03:00

Measuring the level of amino acids in the blood is one of the stages in the early diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), implying timely initiation of therapeutic measures. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is now replacing traditional IEM screening methods. Dried blood spot amino acid reference values developed for the pediatric population are crucial for interpreting test results and diagnosing aminoacidopathies. The study aims to establish reference values for amino acid (AAs) concentrations in samples of dried blood spots from newborns in Western Kazakhstan using LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) technology. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 250 healthy newborns of Western Kazakhstan aged 1-3 days, born at term and breastfed, 49.2% male and 50.2% female. To establish the age-specific reference values for AAs, newborns were divided into three groups: (1) 1 day, (2) 2 days, and (3) 3 days. Blood samples on Guthrie cards were collected on days 1–3 of life and quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Nonparametric statistical approaches were used to generate the 2.5th–97.5th percentile distributions for newborns. Results: 3 of the 15 DBS amino acid distributions were dependent on gender. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean level of alanine, citrulline, and glutamic acid in males and females. The highest values were determined in the female group. Age-related differences in glutamic acid, leucine, ornithine, tyrosine, and valine concentration levels were observed. No significant correlations were found between the concentrations of 15 amino acids in dried blood spots and the body weight of newborns. Conclusion: The present study established amino acid concentrations that can be utilized as reference standards in Kazakhstan's newborn screening program for inherited metabolic diseases.

The Role of Tubulin and Thaumatin Genes and Osmotic Factors in Salinity Tolerance of Tomato Plants

2024-01-04T01:15:50+03:00

Soil salinity is a drastic abiotic factor that affects many physiological processes and whole plants’ activities, as well as up- and down-regulating gene expression. Studying the effect of salinity on tubulin and thaumatin relative gene expression as DNA markers for salinity stress in tomato plants is a scarcely studied topic. Tubulin regulates and plays an important role in the immunolocalization of xylem and phloem fibers in stems and additionally maintains the concept of heavy microtubule contribution during cellulose microfibril confession in secondary cell walls under abiotic and biotic stresses. Like tubulin, thaumatin-like proteins are concomitant with plant defense responses against both biotic and abiotic stresses. The expression of the thaumatin gene can be meaningfully induced after plants' exposure to either drought, freezing, or salinity stresses. Thus, the present investigation was conducted to study the impact of different salinity levels (0, 75, 100, and 120 mM NaCl) on the tomato plants’ growth, osmotic adjustment, and relative gene expression of both antioxidant and salt tolerance genes. As the salt concentration intensified, the fresh and dry weight of the shoots and the roots reduced significantly, accompanied by a reduction in chlorophyll a and carotenoids. On the other hand, salinity stress significantly decreased the level of osmotica (e.g., soluble sugars and soluble proteins) in tomato tissues compared to non-saline-grown plants, while a significant accumulation of free amino acids was recorded. At the molecular level, it was observed that the relative expression of the polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and thaumatin genes was high at the level of 100 mM NaCl, but it was suppressed at 120 mM NaCl. In contrast, salinity down-regulated tubulin gene expression in stressed tomato plants relative to controls, revealing various mechanisms that instigated salinity tolerance, which is concentration-dependent. The study recommended the importance of amino acids as osmotica as well as the relative expressions of PPO, peroxidase, and thaumatin genes in conferring salt tolerance at low to moderate salt levels.