The Ecological, Chemical, Biological and Medical Condition of the Aral Sea Region

Abstract

This article thoroughly examines the ecological state of the Aral Sea region and its impact on human health, particularly from medical, biological, chemical, and microbiological perspectives. The ecological crisis caused by the drying of the Aral Sea poses a serious threat not only to the environment but also to public health. As the water level has decreased and the seabed has dried up, large amounts of salt and dust have been released into the air, increasing the concentration of heavy metals, pesticides, and other toxic substances in the atmosphere. This has led to a rise in respiratory, cardiovascular, oncological, and allergic diseases. Additionally, internal diseases such as liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal disorders are frequently observed, largely due to the poor quality of drinking water and food products. Dental diseases, including caries, periodontitis, and gum inflammations, are also widespread in the region, which is linked to the deterioration in water quality, deficiency of essential microelements, and chemically-influenced oral hygiene conditions. Pollution of soil and water resources disrupts the biological balance, negatively affecting plant and animal life. Changes in the microbiological environment have also increased the risk of infectious diseases. The article provides a scientific analysis of the medical and biological consequences of environmental degradation and offers recommendations aimed at protecting public health and restoring ecological stability.