Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles for Water Purification

Abstract

Water contamination is a major global concern, necessitating the development of innovative and cost-effective purification technologies. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained significant attention due to their remarkable antimicrobial properties, high surface area, and catalytic potential in water treatment. This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and application of AgNPs for water purification. Green synthesis using plant extracts, microbial processes, and chemical reduction methods ensures eco-friendly and sustainable nanoparticle production. The synthesized AgNPs are characterized using techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to determine their size, morphology, and stability. The antimicrobial and pollutant-removal efficacy of AgNPs is evaluated against bacterial contaminants and heavy metals. Findings suggest that AgNPs exhibit strong bactericidal activity and high adsorption capacity, making them effective for water purification applications. However, concerns regarding toxicity, environmental impact, and large-scale production must be addressed. Future research should focus on optimizing synthesis techniques, enhancing stability, and ensuring safe disposal of AgNPs to minimize ecological risks. The integration of AgNP-based filtration systems with existing purification technologies offers a promising approach for sustainable and efficient water treatment solutions.